{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T14:53:58Z","timestamp":1768748038661,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473206400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02-01-04-SF1070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-01-04-SF1070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003200","name":"Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02-01-04-SF1070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-01-04-SF1070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Bioinformatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict antigenic B-cell and T-cell epitopes within the S1 glycoprotein of M41 and CR88 IBV strains. A conserved linear B-cell epitope peptide, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Y<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">175<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u2013<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">185<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, was identified in M41 IBV strains while three such epitopes types namely, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">P<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">279<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u2013<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">290<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">H<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">P<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">K<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">F<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">R<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">P<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">328<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u2013<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">338<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">E<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">V<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">D<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">A<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">G<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">T<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">54<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>\u2013<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">69<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, were predicted in CR88 IBV strains. Analysis of MHCI binding peptides in M41 IBV strains revealed the presence of 15 antigenic peptides out of which 12 were highly conserved in 96\u2013100% of the total M41 strains analysed. Interestingly three of these peptides, GGPITYKVM<jats:sup>208<\/jats:sup>, WFNSLSVSI<jats:sup>356<\/jats:sup>, and YLADAGLAI<jats:sup>472<\/jats:sup>, relatively had high antigenicity index (&gt;1.0). On the other hand, 11 MHCI binding epitope peptides were identified in CR88 IBV strains. Of these, five peptides were found to be highly conserved with a range between 90% and 97%. However, WFNSLSVSL<jats:sup>358<\/jats:sup>, SYNISAASV<jats:sup>88<\/jats:sup>, and YNISAASVA<jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup> peptides comparably showed high antigenicity scores (&gt;1.0). Combination of antigenic B-cells and T-cells peptides that are conserved across many strains as approach to evoke humoral and CTL immune response will potentially lead to a broad-based vaccine that could reduce the challenges in using live attenuated vaccine technology in the control of IBV infection in poultry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5484972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T21:18:33Z","timestamp":1473283113000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prediction and<i> In Silico<\/i> Identification of Novel B-Cells and T-Cells Epitopes in the S1-Spike Glycoprotein of M41 and CR88 (793\/B) Infectious Bronchitis Virus Serotypes for Application in Peptide Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1526-4028","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Faruku","family":"Bande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary 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Ehsan, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Kadkhodaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7379-0507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdul Rahman","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","first-page":"629","volume":"142","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of 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