{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:24:25Z","timestamp":1779114265703,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["436797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["436797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["403000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["436797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["436797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is uncertain whether small vessel disease underlies the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and brain atrophy. We aimed to study whether retinal vascular architecture, as a proxy for cerebral small vessel disease, may modify or mediate the associations of T2DM with brain volumes. In this cross-sectional study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans and retinal photographs in 451 people with and without T2DM, we measured brain volumes, geometric measures of retinal vascular architecture, clinical retinopathy, and MRI cerebrovascular lesions. There were 270 people with (mean age 67.3 years) and 181 without T2DM (mean age 72.9 years). T2DM was associated with lower gray matter volume (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.008<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). T2DM was associated with greater arteriolar diameter (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and optimality ratio (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.04<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), but these associations were attenuated by adjustments for age and sex. Only optimality ratio was associated with lower gray matter volume (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The inclusion of retinal measures in regression models did not attenuate the association of T2DM with gray matter volume. The association of T2DM with lower gray matter volume was independent of retinal vascular architecture and clinical retinopathy. Retinal vascular measures or retinopathy may not be sufficiently sensitive to confirm a microvascular basis for T2DM-related brain atrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6328953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T17:04:44Z","timestamp":1464195884000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cerebral Gray Matter Volume Is Independent of Retinal Vascular Architecture and Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Aged Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3162, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Tapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, St Mary\u2019s Hospital and Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. G.","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia"},{"name":"Research Centre of Applied and Preventative Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20700 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Blizzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. G.","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Beare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, St Mary\u2019s Hospital and Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Venn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"M\u00fcnch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2753, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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