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Physiological roles of these D-amino acids not only in the nervous system but also in the endocrine system are being gradually revealed. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are associated with learning and memory. D-Serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine can all bind to NMDA receptors. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S generated from D-cysteine reduces disulfide bonds in receptors and potentiates their activity. Aberrant receptor activity is related to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are detected in parts of the endocrine system, such as the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, and testis. D-Aspartate is being investigated for the regulation of hormone release from various endocrine organs. Here we focused on recent findings regarding the synthesis and physiological functions of D-amino acids in the nervous and endocrine systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6494621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T21:02:48Z","timestamp":1481230968000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["D-Amino Acids in the Nervous and Endocrine Systems"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Yoshimitsu","family":"Kiriyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-8716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Nochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Shido 1314-1, Sanuki, Kagawa 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