{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1740152994746,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tbilisi State University"},{"name":"V. Iverieli Endocrinology Metabology Dietology Center \u201cENMEDIC\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus are organ-specific autoimmune diseases. There is large evidence that autoimmunity against the thyroid gland in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is increased, but little is known about anti-islet cell autoimmune status in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. We evaluated the concentration of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) which are widely used as a diagnostic and predictive tool for type 1 diabetes mellitus, in school-aged Georgian children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The frequency of anti-GAD antibodies was measured in Georgian school-aged children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and compared to healthy age and sex matched controls.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Of the 41 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis 4 (9.8%) were positive for GAD antibodies. The frequency of GAD positivity in the chronic autoimmune thyroiditis group was significantly higher than in the control subjects (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.036<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. In the study we found that the frequency of GAD antibody positivity in autoimmune thyroiditis patients was significantly higher (9.8%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.036<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) than in the control group. Our findings support the concept that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease may develop type 1 diabetes mellitus in future life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6597091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T19:16:10Z","timestamp":1467054970000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Frequency of Langerhans Islets<i>\u03b2<\/i>-Cells Autoantibodies (Anti-GAD) in Georgian Children and Adolescents with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3963-7810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariam","family":"Balakhadze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"V. Iverieli Endocrinology Metabology Dietology Center \u201cENMEDIC\u201d, 9 Tsinandali Street, 0144 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elene","family":"Giorgadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"National Institute of Endocrinology, 2\/6 Lubliana Street, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7277-430X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marina","family":"Lomidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Endocrinology, 2\/6 Lubliana Street, 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.2.489"},{"first-page":"227","volume-title":"Thyroid disorders in childhood and adolescence","year":"2008","key":"2"},{"first-page":"107","volume-title":"Thyroid","year":"2009","key":"3"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0370"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480001"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0310021"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1365"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00009"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)60874-6"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1346"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480245"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0799-5"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2014-000076"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"253","volume":"35","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.5.2254"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01064.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00829.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2016\/6597091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2016\/6597091.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2016\/6597091.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T19:13:36Z","timestamp":1471547616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ije\/2016\/6597091\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["6597091","6597091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6597091","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8337","1687-8345"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-8337"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-8345"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}