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Unlike the classical regression methods in which a certain form for the approximation function must be presumed, ANNs do not require the complex constitutive models. Additionally, it is traced that the ANN prediction system is one of the most effective ways to predict the rock mass deformation. Furthermore, it could be envisaged that ANNs would be more feasible for the dynamic prediction of displacements in tunnelling in the future, especially if ANN models are combined with other research methods. In this paper, we summarized the state-of-the-art and future research challenges of ANNs on the tunnel deformation prediction. And the application cases as well as the improvement of ANN models were also presented. The presented ANN models can serve as a benchmark for effective prediction of the tunnel deformation with characters of nonlinearity, high parallelism, fault tolerance, learning, and generalization capability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6708183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T16:51:25Z","timestamp":1450975885000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Prediction of Soil Deformation in Tunnelling Using Artificial Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Jinxing","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Major Laboratory for Highway Bridge & Tunnel, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"},{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7628-5431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junling","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Major Laboratory for Highway Bridge & Tunnel, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"},{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-0799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haobo","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Highway, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"TBM tunnelling in difficult ground conditions","year":"2000"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2012.06.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2010.11.016"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-011-0170-5"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.485891"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1674-5264(09)60271-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"7","first-page":"9","volume":"15","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ground Engineering"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2005.07.001"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000219"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2011.06.001"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01045717"},{"key":"12","first-page":"353","volume":"15","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-352X(01)00011-8"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-9062(92)91044-6"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0926-5805(00)00078-9"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2006.08.007"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.29-32.1717"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)0733-9410(1995)121:5(429)"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:5(389)"},{"issue":"12","key":"21","first-page":"63","volume":"4","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0266-352x(01)00011-8"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)0887-3801(2002)16:1(59)"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2004.02.128"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2007.07.002"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2009.02.009"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.06.001"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2014.11.003"},{"key":"29","series-title":"edited by: E. 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