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Our results showed that different T cell subsets in patients with cervical cancer had high expression of PD-1, and DCs had high expression of PD-L1. High expression of PD-1 on Treg cells in cervical cancer patients facilitated the production of TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>and IL-10 but inhibited the production of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>. Cervical cancer elevated the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in mRNA level. PD-1 expression in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients was related with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and invasiveness. PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway inhibited lymphocyte proliferation but enhanced the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>in vitro. In summary, our findings demonstrate that elevated levels of PD-1\/PD-L1, TGF-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and IL-10 in peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients may negatively regulate immune response against cervical cancer cells and contribute to the progression of cervical cancer. Therefore, PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway may become an immunotherapy target in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6891482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,18]],"date-time":"2016-09-18T17:02:15Z","timestamp":1474218135000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Elevated Expression of Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death Ligand-1 Negatively Regulates Immune Response against Cervical Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, 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