{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:48:13Z","timestamp":1778626093129,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas","award":["2006\/56319-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006\/56319-1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2006\/56319-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006\/56319-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical-immunological spectrum of human<jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi<\/jats:italic>infection in Amazonian Brazil was recently reviewed based on clinical, DTH, and IFAT (IgG) evaluations that identified five profiles: three asymptomatic (asymptomatic infection, AI; subclinical resistant infection, SRI; and indeterminate initial infection, III) and two symptomatic (symptomatic infection, SI; American visceral leishmaniasis, AVL; and subclinical oligosymptomatic infection, SOI). TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 serum cytokines were analyzed using multiplexed Cytometric Bead Array in 161 samples from endemic areas in the Brazilian Amazon: SI [AVL] (21 cases), III (49), SRI (19), SOI (12), AI (36), and a control group [CG] (24). The highest IL-6 serum levels were observed in the SI profile (AVL); higher IL-10 serum levels were observed in SI than in SOI or CG and in AI and III than in SOI; higher TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>serum levels were seen in SI than in CG. Positive correlations were found between IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels in the SI and III profiles and between IL-6 and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and between IL-4 and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>in the III profile. These results provide strong evidence for associating IL-6 and IL-10 with the immunopathogenesis of AVL and help clarify the role of these cytokines in the infection spectrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6937980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T02:19:34Z","timestamp":1457489974000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Serum Cytokine Responses over the Entire Clinical-Immunological Spectrum of Human<i>Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Karla","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute, Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina In\u00e1cio","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, 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