{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:37:49Z","timestamp":1760985469528},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463356800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plastic Surgery International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To evaluate the association between nasal obstruction and (1) demographic factors, (2) medical history, (3) physical tests, and (4) nasal exam findings.<jats:italic> Study Design<\/jats:italic>. Case series.<jats:italic> Methods<\/jats:italic>. Chart review at a tertiary medical center.<jats:italic> Results<\/jats:italic>. Two hundred-forty consecutive patients (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">52.1<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">17.5<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math> years old, with a Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">32.0<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">24.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) were included. Demographic factors and inferior turbinate sizes were not associated with NOSE score or Nasal Obstruction Visual Analog Scale (NO-VAS). A significant association was found between higher NOSE score on univariate analysis and positive history of nasal trauma (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0136<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), allergic rhinitis (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), use of nasal steroids (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0108<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), higher grade of external nasal deformity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0149<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), higher internal nasal septal deviation grade (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0024<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and narrow internal nasal valve angle (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Multivariate analysis identified the following as independent predictors of high NOSE score: NO-VAS: \u226550 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 17.6 (95% CI 5.83\u201361.6), <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), external nasal deformity: grades 2\u20134 (OR = 4.63 (95% CI 1.14\u201319.9), <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0339<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and allergic rhinitis: yes (OR = 5.5 (95% CI 1.77\u201318.7), <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0041<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic> Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Allergic rhinitis, NO-VAS score \u2265 50, and external nasal deformity (grades 2\u20134) were statistically significant independent predictors of high NOSE scores on multivariate analysis. Inferior turbinate size was not associated with NOSE scores or NO-VAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6945297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T21:01:35Z","timestamp":1463432495000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictors of Nasal Obstruction: Quantification and Assessment Using Multiple Grading Scales"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Macario","family":"Camacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Zaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Certal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sleep Medicine Centre, Hospital CUF, 4100-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Abdullatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Bernardino Rivadavia, C1425ASQ Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. L. H. Hiranandani Hospital Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shankar","family":"Sridhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Tolisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin B.","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robson","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0864-x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24923","volume":"125","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2003.09.016"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.06.083"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2013.4.0054"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","first-page":"89","volume":"11","year":"1973","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200211000-00018"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.2473"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4414"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199912000-00002"}],"container-title":["Plastic Surgery International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/6945297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/6945297.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2016\/6945297.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T06:10:53Z","timestamp":1607494253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/psi\/2016\/6945297\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["6945297","6945297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6945297","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1461","2090-147X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1461","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-147X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]}}}