{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:45:16Z","timestamp":1790631916428,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Measurement of sleep microarchitecture and neural oscillations is an increasingly popular technique for quantifying EEG sleep activity. Many studies have examined sleep spindle oscillations in sleep-disordered adults; however reviews of this literature are scarce. As such, our overarching aim was to critically review experimental studies examining sleep spindle activity between adults with and without different sleep disorders. Articles were obtained using a systematic methodology with\n                    <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                    criteria. Thirty-seven studies meeting final inclusion criteria were reviewed, with studies grouped across three categories: insomnia, hypersomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders (including parasomnias). Studies of patients with insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing were more abundant relative to other diagnoses. All studies were cross-sectional. Studies were largely inconsistent regarding spindle activity differences between clinical and nonclinical groups, with some reporting greater or less activity, while many others reported no group differences. Stark inconsistencies in sample characteristics (e.g., age range and diagnostic criteria) and methods of analysis (e.g., spindle bandwidth selection, visual detection versus digital filtering, absolute versus relative spectral power, and NREM2 versus NREM3) suggest a need for greater use of event-based detection methods and increased research standardization. Hypotheses regarding the clinical and empirical implications of these findings, and suggestions for potential future studies, are also discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7328725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1457625733000},"page":"1-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Spindle Oscillations in Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Oren M.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PERFORM Center and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Exercise Science and Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H4B 1R6"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al and Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7235-2721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thien Thanh","family":"Dang-Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PERFORM Center and Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Exercise Science and Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada H4B 1R6"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire de G\u00e9riatrie de Montr\u00e9al and Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 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