{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T12:24:07Z","timestamp":1782303847154,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004043","name":"Kanazawa Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR2012-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR2012-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009665","name":"Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PR2012-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR2012-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, but its proarrhythmic mechanism remains to be elucidated. Glutamate (Glu) and taurine (Tau) are present in the myocardium at substantially higher concentrations than in the plasma, suggesting their active role in myocardium. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the metabolism of Glu and Tau is altered in association with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with AF. Fifty patients with paroxysmal AF and 50 control subjects without a history of AF were consecutively enrolled. Circulating Glu and Tau levels were measured and correlations between Glu\/Tau and ROS levels were examined. Glu\/Tau content was significantly higher in patients with AF versus controls (Glu:<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">79.2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">23.9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>versus<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">60.5<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">25.2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009nmol\/L; Tau:<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">78.8<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">19.8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>versus<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">68.5<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">20.8<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009nmol\/L; mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD),<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>for both). Glu\/Tau levels also showed an independent association with AF by multiple logistic regression analysis. Glu and Tau levels both showed significant positive associations with plasma hydroperoxide concentrations. These data suggest a novel pathophysiological role of Glu and Tau in association with ROS production in paroxysmal AF, providing new insights into the elevated amino acid content in cardiac disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7650976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T16:04:31Z","timestamp":1452096271000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Circulating Glutamate and Taurine Levels Are Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Takano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kousuke","family":"Fujibayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nakaba","family":"Fujioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ei-ichi","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Wakasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouji","family":"Kajinami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1063","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.272.3.H1063","volume":"272","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"128","volume":"3","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alternative Medicine Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1825","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1996.270.5.H1825","volume":"270","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Heart and Circulatory 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