{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:10:22Z","timestamp":1761581422916,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1436-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1436-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An automatic gender detection may be useful in some cases of a mobile healthcare system. For example, there are some pathologies, such as vocal fold cyst, which mainly occur in female patients. If there is an automatic method for gender detection embedded into the system, it is easy for a healthcare professional to assess and prescribe appropriate medication to the patient. In human voice production system, contribution of the vocal folds is very vital. The length of the vocal folds is gender dependent; a male speaker has longer vocal folds than a female speaker. Due to longer vocal folds, the voice of a male becomes heavy and, therefore, contains more voice intensity. Based on this idea, a new type of time domain acoustic feature for automatic gender detection system is proposed in this paper. The proposed feature measures the voice intensity by calculating the area under the modified voice contour to make the differentiation between males and females. Two different databases are used to show that the proposed feature is independent of text, spoken language, dialect region, recording system, and environment. The obtained results for clean and noisy speech are 98.27% and 96.55%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7805217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T21:10:32Z","timestamp":1462914632000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Automatic Gender Detection Based on Characteristics of Vocal Folds for Mobile Healthcare System"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Musaed","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Zulfiqar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Wadood","family":"Abdul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-005-0322-8"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2016.01.009"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-015-0439-7"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-016-0685-9"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2015.2470644"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925x-10-41"},{"issue":"9","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198509000-00014","volume":"95","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200312000-00009"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.401663"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74161-1_32"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"69","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Computational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"51","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"8","first-page":"159","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security"},{"issue":"5","key":"13","first-page":"1","volume":"31","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Applications"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063771008040192"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33762\/eeej.2009.54934","volume":"5","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Electrical Electronic & Engineering"},{"year":"2003","key":"16"},{"year":"1972","key":"17"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0427(00)00444-1"},{"year":"1998","key":"19"},{"issue":"3","key":"20","first-page":"274","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10772-010-9088-7"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1026034"},{"year":"1988","key":"35"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2009.01.007"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.07.022"},{"year":"1994","key":"26"}],"container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2016\/7805217.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2016\/7805217.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2016\/7805217.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T09:17:14Z","timestamp":1718529434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2016\/7805217\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["7805217","7805217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/7805217","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1574-017X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-905X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}