{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:00:43Z","timestamp":1791889243281,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Aromatherapy refers to the medicinal or therapeutic use of essential oils absorbed through the skin or olfactory system. Recent literature has examined the effectiveness of aromatherapy in treating pain.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    12 studies examining the use of aromatherapy for pain management were identified through an electronic database search. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of aromatherapy on pain.\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    There is a significant positive effect of aromatherapy (compared to placebo or treatments as usual controls) in reducing pain reported on a visual analog scale (SMD = \u22121.18, 95% CI: \u22121.33, \u22121.03;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.00<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">01<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). Secondary analyses found that aromatherapy is more consistent for treating nociceptive (SMD = \u22121.57, 95% CI: \u22121.76, \u22121.39,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and acute pain (SMD = \u22121.58, 95% CI: \u22121.75, \u22121.40,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) than inflammatory (SMD = \u22120.53, 95% CI: \u22120.77, \u22120.29,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and chronic pain (SMD = \u22120.22, 95% CI: \u22120.49, 0.05,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), respectively. Based on the available research, aromatherapy is most effective in treating postoperative pain (SMD = \u22121.79, 95% CI: \u22122.08, \u22121.51,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) and obstetrical and gynecological pain (SMD = \u22121.14, 95% CI: \u22122.10, \u22120.19,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The findings of this study indicate that aromatherapy can successfully treat pain when combined with conventional treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8158693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T19:27:00Z","timestamp":1481743620000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2994-3630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaheen E.","family":"Lakhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"California University of Science and Medicine, School of Medicine, Colton, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Sheafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Tepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.6189"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v9i4.7"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010114528378"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000227753.35200.3e"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01802.x"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2005.09.005"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.11.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2003.12.003"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2007.12.003"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/187163"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/742421"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2014.22.2.125"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2011.0254"},{"issue":"7","key":"11","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane 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