{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:26:55Z","timestamp":1778855215510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007926","name":"University of Oklahoma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007926","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Characterization of air traffic controllers\u2019 (ATCs\u2019) visual scanning strategies is a challenging issue due to the dynamic movement of multiple aircraft and increasing complexity of scanpaths (order of eye fixations and saccades) over time. Additionally, terminologies and methods are lacking to accurately characterize the eye tracking data into simplified visual scanning strategies linguistically expressed by ATCs. As an intermediate step to automate the characterization classification process, we (1) defined and developed new concepts to systematically filter complex visual scanpaths into simpler and more manageable forms and (2) developed procedures to map visual scanpaths with linguistic inputs to reduce the human judgement bias during interrater agreement. The developed concepts and procedures were applied to investigating the visual scanpaths of expert ATCs using scenarios with different aircraft congestion levels. Furthermore, oculomotor trends were analyzed to identify the influence of aircraft congestion on scan time and number of comparisons among aircraft. The findings show that (1) the scanpaths filtered at the highest intensity led to more consistent mapping with the ATCs\u2019 linguistic inputs, (2) the pattern classification occurrences differed between scenarios, and (3) increasing aircraft congestion caused increased scan times and aircraft pairwise comparisons. The results provide a foundation for better characterizing complex scanpaths in a dynamic task and automating the analysis process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8343842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T07:31:07Z","timestamp":1460100667000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterization of Visual Scanning Patterns in Air Traffic Control"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Sarah N.","family":"McClung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd Street, Devon Energy Hall 150, Norman, OK 73019-1102, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziho","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 202 West Boyd Street, No. 116, Norman, OK 73019, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(95)05170-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088002200505","volume":"22","year":"1980","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"3","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The impact of automation on air traffic control systems","year":"1991"},{"key":"4","year":"2015"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(00)00048-5"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10508414.2013.772841"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872001775870421"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(95)05167-8"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720814523066"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-907X(05)80041-8"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/thms.2014.2363121"},{"issue":"6","key":"13","first-page":"35","volume":"224","year":"1971","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"issue":"9","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(71)90213-6","volume":"11","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"15","year":"1989"},{"key":"16","year":"1999"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-8141(98)00068-7"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720809335071"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap1504_3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931214581017"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.1.27"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.877520"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/brm.42.3.692"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0014013031000090116"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856896X00123"},{"issue":"1, article 4","key":"30","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Eye Movement Research"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.11.502"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-012-0212-2"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193121005402301"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2057429"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/653639"}],"container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/8343842.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/8343842.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/8343842.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T06:36:38Z","timestamp":1567751798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2016\/8343842\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["8343842","8343842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8343842","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-5265","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-5273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}