{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:12:47Z","timestamp":1762866767150},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The<jats:italic>Sj\u00f6gren<\/jats:italic>syndrome has been diagnosed in patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy and dry mouth and dry eyes are documented in HTLV-1 carriers. However the diagnosis of<jats:italic>Sj\u00f6gren<\/jats:italic>syndrome in these subjects has been contested. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the role of immunological factors and proviral load, in sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1 in patients without myelopathy. Subjects were recruited in the HTLV-1 Clinic, from 2009 to 2011. The proviral load and cytokine levels (IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, IL-5, and IL-10) were obtained from a database containing the values presented by the subjects at admission in the clinic. Of the 272 participants, 59 (21.7%) had sicca syndrome and in all of them anti-<jats:italic>Sj\u00f6gren<\/jats:italic>syndrome related antigen A (SSA) and antigen B (SSB) were negatives. The production of TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>was higher in the group with sicca syndrome (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) than in HTLV-1 infected subjects without sicca syndrome. Our data indicates that patients with sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1 do not have<jats:italic>Sj\u00f6gren<\/jats:italic>syndrome. However the increased production of TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>in this group of patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of sicca syndrome associated with HTLV-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8402059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]],"date-time":"2016-01-19T21:34:35Z","timestamp":1453239275000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association of Sicca Syndrome with Proviral Load and Proinflammatory Cytokines in HTLV-1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Clara M\u00f4nica","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, 40025-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-060 Salvador, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Federal 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