{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:30:22Z","timestamp":1792175422193,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10002-255075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10002-255075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted from five seaweed samples collected or cultivated in Mexico (<jats:italic>Macrocystis pyrifera<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Eisenia arborea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Pelvetia compressa<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ulva intestinalis<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Solieria filiformis<\/jats:italic>) were tested in this study in order to evaluate their effect on measles virus<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. All polysaccharides showed antiviral activity (as measured by the reduction of syncytia formation) and low cytotoxicity (MTT assay) at inhibitory concentrations. SPs from<jats:italic>Eisenia arborea<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Solieria filiformis<\/jats:italic>showed the highest antiviral activities (confirmed by qPCR) and were selected to determine their combined effect. Their synergistic effect was observed at low concentrations (0.0274\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL and 0.011\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL of<jats:italic>E. arborea<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. filiformis<\/jats:italic>SPs, resp.), which exhibited by far a higher inhibitory effect (96% syncytia reduction) in comparison to the individual SP effects (50% inhibition with 0.275\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL and 0.985\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL of<jats:italic>E. arborea<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. filiformis<\/jats:italic>, resp.). Time of addition experiments and viral penetration assays suggest that best activities of these SPs occur at different stages of infection. The synergistic effect would allow reducing the treatment dose and toxicity and minimizing or delaying the induction of antiviral resistance; sulfated polysaccharides of the tested seaweed species thus appear as promising candidates for the development of natural antiviral agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8502123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T08:06:10Z","timestamp":1466669170000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Mexican Seaweeds against Measles Virus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Karla","family":"Mor\u00e1n-Santiba\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia Elizabeth","family":"Cruz-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Ricque-Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cinvestav Unidad M\u00e9rida, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, AP 73, 97310 M\u00e9rida, YUC, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Freile-Pelegr\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cinvestav Unidad M\u00e9rida, Km 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, AP 73, 97310 M\u00e9rida, YUC, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5948-5880","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Trejo-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza, NL, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011871"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-014-0304-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md12094984"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/825203"},{"key":"5","volume-title":"Algal polysaccharides, novel applications and outlook","year":"2012"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.07.075"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2011.10.005"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2012.12.014"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.01.073"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2011.00811.x"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.05.028"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","first-page":"34","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-99-24429"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md13052967"},{"issue":"4","key":"15","first-page":"1469","volume":"5","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of ChemTech Research"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.08.068"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.12.006"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-9-307"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-014-0228-6"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-3542(03)00068-8"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020069"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.05.018"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md13020697"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-11-41"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62352-5"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1550"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-010-9585-8"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.08.023"},{"issue":"4","key":"30","first-page":"393","volume":"43","year":"2000","journal-title":"Botanica Marina"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-011-9690-3"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90171-9"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.3.10"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-116-29392"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf040229o"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.01.020"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2004.07.015"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/star.19960480711"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6215(00)85243-x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.078"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.13.54"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-013-0138-9"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2008.10.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"44","first-page":"63","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investigaciones Marinas"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.100"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.10.017"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.12.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"48","first-page":"545","volume":"73","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of Marine Science"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00046173"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140586"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126577"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.06.016"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwn092"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01953060"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0591-x"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03947-14"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwp059"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md9071187"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/s1990750816010029"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v2081510"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2016\/8502123.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2016\/8502123.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2016\/8502123.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T23:04:05Z","timestamp":1471561445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2016\/8502123\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["8502123","8502123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8502123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}