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Their infestations occur today in many countries despite great efforts to maintain high standards of public health. In this review, literature searches were performed through PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost, with key search words of \u201c<jats:italic>Pediculus humanus<\/jats:italic>\u201d, \u201c<jats:italic>lice infestation<\/jats:italic>\u201d, \u201c<jats:italic>pediculosis<\/jats:italic>\u201d, and \u201c<jats:italic>treatment<\/jats:italic>\u201d; and controlled clinical trials were viewed with great interest. Removing lice by hand or with a lice comb, heating infested clothing, and shaving the scalp were some of the oldest methods of controlling human lice. Despite the introduction of other resources including cresol, naphthalene, sulfur, mercury, vinegar, petroleum, and insecticides, the numbers of lice infestation cases and resistance have increased. To date, viable alternative treatments to replace insecticides have been developed experimentally<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Today, the development of new treatment strategies such as symbiotic treatment and synergistic treatment (antibiotics + ivermectin)<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>has proved effective and is promising. Here, we present an overview on managing and treating human lice and highlight new strategies to more effectively fight pediculosis and prevent resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8962685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,27]],"date-time":"2016-07-27T20:43:39Z","timestamp":1469652219000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Management and Treatment of Human Lice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Abdoul Karim","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC\/DEAP\/FMOS-FAPH) UMI3189, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), 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