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However, the role of this inflammatory mediator in the cell-mediated immune response against this infection is still poorly understood. Here, we used<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>-infected WT and<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice to analyze the role of MIF in the maturation of CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD8<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>dendritic cells (DCs). We found that MIF promotes maturation of CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>but not CD8<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>DCs, by inducing IL-12p70 production and CD86 expression. Infected<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice showed significantly lower numbers of TNF and inducible nitric oxide synthase- (iNOS-) producing DCs (TipDCs) compared to infected WT mice. The adoptive transfer of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">y<\/mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">6<\/mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>monocytes into infected WT or<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice demonstrated that MIF participates in the differentiation of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">L<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">y<\/mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant=\"normal\">6<\/mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">h<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:math>monocytes into TipDCs. In addition, infected<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice display a lower percentage of IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>-producing natural killer (NK) cells compared to WT mice, which is associated with reducing numbers of TipDCs in<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. Furthermore, administration of recombinant MIF (rMIF) into<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>-infected<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice restored the numbers of TipDCs and reversed the susceptible phenotype of<jats:italic>Mif<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate an important role for MIF inducing cell-mediated immunity to<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9101762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T21:02:12Z","timestamp":1456779732000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["MIF Promotes Classical Activation and Conversion of Inflammatory Ly6C<sup>high<\/sup>Monocytes into TipDCs during Murine Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Juan de Dios","family":"Ruiz-Rosado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonadab E.","family":"Olgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlanepantla, MEX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imelda","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Avelar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, UNAM, CU, 04510 M\u00e9xico City, DF, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis I.","family":"Terrazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlanepantla, MEX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H.","family":"Robledo-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Vazquez-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Optometria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelina","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, UNAM, CU, 04510 M\u00e9xico City, DF, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay R.","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio 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