{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:20:27Z","timestamp":1781871627661,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004352","name":"Suranaree University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EC-57-22 and EC-57-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC-57-22 and EC-57-34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background and Aim<\/jats:italic>. Risk factors for<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>infection are genetic susceptibility and poor living conditions. This study aimed to investigate the<jats:italic>Mdm2<\/jats:italic>gene, clarithromycin resistance, and possible risk factors for<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>infection.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Risk factors and clinical characteristics were analyzed, including patient demographic data, patient income, personal history, possible source of transmission, patient symptoms, endoscopic findings, patterns of clarithromycin resistance, and patterns of<jats:italic>Mdm2<\/jats:italic>SNIP309.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Ingestion of pickled fish (OR = 11.27, 95% CI = 4.31\u201329.45,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), salt crab (OR = 8.83, 95% CI = 1.99\u201339.14,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and Papaya salad (OR = 8.73, 95% CI = 4.54\u201316.79,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The prevalence of clarithromycin resistance was 56% (wild type, A2143\/2142A, is 23.8%; mutation, A2143\/2142CG, is 35.7%; wild type + mutation is 40.5%). The genetic polymorphisms of<jats:italic>Mdm2<\/jats:italic>SNIP309 were SNIP309 T\/T homozygous in 78%, SNIP309 G\/T heterozygous in 19%, and SNIP309 G\/G homozygous in 3%.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Pickled fish, salt crab, and Papaya salad are positive risk factors. There was high prevalence of clarithromycin resistance. The<jats:italic>Mdm2<\/jats:italic>SNIP309 G\/G homozygous genotype might be a risk factor for gastric cancer and the fact that it is infrequent in Thailand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9130602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1456934560000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characteristics and Risk Factors of<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>Associated Gastritis: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in Northeast Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Taweesak","family":"Tongtawee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"},{"name":"Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, 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Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilairat","family":"Leeanansaksiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Loyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"},{"name":"Family Medicine and Community Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likit","family":"Matrakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"},{"name":"Suranaree University of Technology Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, 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