{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:33:11Z","timestamp":1778085191102,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.J130000.7828.4F708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.J130000.7828.4F708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks are deployed to observe the surroundings for some phenomenon of interest. The fundamental issue in observing such environments is the area coverage which reflects how well the region is monitored. The nonuniform sensor nodes distribution in a certain region caused by random deployment might lead to coverage holes\/gaps in the network. One of the solutions to improve area coverage after initial deployment is by sensor nodes mobility. However, the main challenge in this approach is how to increase area coverage with the least energy consumption. This research work aims to improve area coverage with minimal energy consumption and faster convergence rate. The Edge Based Centroid (EBC) algorithm is presented to improve the area coverage with faster convergence rate in a distributed network. The simulation based performance evaluations of the proposed algorithms are carried out in terms of area coverage, convergence rate, and energy efficiency. Compared to the existing works, EBC improved area coverage with faster convergence. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm has improved area coverage with faster convergence and minimal energy consumption. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9169236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T21:01:14Z","timestamp":1458680474000},"page":"9169236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Coverage Enhancement Algorithms for Distributed Mobile Sensors Deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Sirajo","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Abdul Hanan","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Chizari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Thabit","family":"Sabbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Altameem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/rfid-ta.2013.6694534"},{"key":"B2-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wcnc.2013.6554783"},{"key":"B3-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/infcom.2011.5935131"},{"key":"B4-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14257\/ijsh.2015.9.3.16"},{"key":"B5-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/313451.313529"},{"key":"B6-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.878532"},{"key":"B7-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2003.1204831"},{"key":"B8-2016-9169236","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications","author":"Clouqueur T."},{"issue":"1","key":"B9-2016-9169236","first-page":"240","volume":"163","author":"Liang J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors & Transducers"},{"key":"B10-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/839486"},{"key":"B11-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019625207705"},{"key":"B12-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/385282"},{"key":"B13-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.06.006"},{"key":"B14-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/glocom.2007.229"},{"key":"B15-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/cocv:2005024"},{"key":"B16-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/glocom.2010.5683204"},{"key":"B17-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/116873.116880"},{"key":"B18-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814355858_0006"},{"key":"B19-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511804120"},{"issue":"3","key":"B20-2016-9169236","first-page":"173","volume":"11","author":"Xu C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ad-Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks"},{"key":"B21-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/ijahuc.2014.059901"},{"key":"B22-2016-9169236","first-page":"408","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS '04)","author":"Lloret J."},{"key":"B23-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/npa.v5i4.4688"},{"key":"B24-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2013.2280095"},{"key":"B25-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/417307"},{"key":"B27-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32723-0_5"},{"key":"B28-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2012.2225436"},{"key":"B29-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vetecf.2009.5379087"},{"key":"B30-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2006.80"},{"key":"B31-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s110303163"},{"key":"B32-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-155860914-3\/50002-X"},{"key":"B33-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594770"},{"key":"B34-2016-9169236","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","author":"Meguerdichian S."},{"key":"B35-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-005-1564-y"},{"key":"B36-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/glocom.2007.984"},{"key":"B37-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2014.05.015"},{"key":"B38-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2014.05.015"},{"key":"B39-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2010.2053036"},{"key":"B40-2016-9169236","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","author":"Rahimi M."},{"key":"B41-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.133"},{"key":"B42-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2013.2280095"},{"key":"B44-2016-9169236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2007.1022"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2016\/9169236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/2016\/9169236","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2016\/9169236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:15:53Z","timestamp":1620252953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2016\/9169236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2016\/9169236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/9169236","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-1477","1550-1477"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-1477","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-1477","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}}}