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We investigated the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> schistosomicidal activity of crude extracts of <jats:italic>A. absinthium<\/jats:italic> (AA) and <jats:italic>T. parthenium<\/jats:italic> (TP) and their isolated compounds. AA and TP, at 200\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL, were active, causing 100% mortality of all adult worms. Chromatographic fractionation of AA leads to isolation of artemetin and hydroxypelenolide, while santin, apigenin, and parthenolide were isolated from TP. Artemetin, hydroxypelenolide, santin, and apigenin, at 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M, were inactive against adult worms. Parthenolide (12.5 to 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) caused 100% mortality, tegumental alterations, and reduction of motor activity of all adult worms of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, without affecting mammalian cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed tegumental morphological alterations and changes on the numbers of tubercles of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> worms. This report provides the first evidence for the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> activity of parthenolide against adult worms of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, opening the route to further schistosomicidal studies with this compound.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9521349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T21:04:13Z","timestamp":1479416653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Flavonoids and Sesquiterpene Lactones from <i>Artemisia absinthium<\/i> and <i>Tanacetum parthenium<\/i> against <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> Worms"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Maria Silveira","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7542-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara Soares Aleixo 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