{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T02:03:56Z","timestamp":1769306636735,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Province Crucial R&D Plan Project","award":["2015GGX105008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015GGX105008"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Crucial R&D Plan Project","award":["2014GGX105001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014GGX105001"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project","award":["2015GGX105008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015GGX105008"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project","award":["2014GGX105001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014GGX105001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the car control systems, it is hard to measure some key vehicle states directly and accurately when running on the road and the cost of the measurement is high as well. To address these problems, a vehicle state estimation method based on the kernel principal component analysis and the improved Elman neural network is proposed. Combining with nonlinear vehicle model of three degrees of freedom (3 DOF), longitudinal, lateral, and yaw motion, this paper applies the method to the soft sensor of the vehicle states. The simulation results of the double lane change tested by Matlab\/SIMULINK cosimulation prove the KPCA-IENN algorithm (kernel principal component algorithm and improved Elman neural network) to be quick and precise when tracking the vehicle states within the nonlinear area. This algorithm method can meet the software performance requirements of the vehicle states estimation in precision, tracking speed, noise suppression, and other aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9568785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T18:00:10Z","timestamp":1475172010000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Soft Sensor of Vehicle State Estimation Based on the Kernel Principal Component and Improved Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9444-6967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haorui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automotive Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7508-0656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengyan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automotive Engineering College, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250023, China"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","first-page":"171","volume":"32","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vehicle System Dynamics International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics & Mobility"},{"key":"2","first-page":"796","volume":"1","year":"2001","journal-title":"SAE Technical Paper"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110500385949"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331207072990"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e17064202"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5675349"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3901\/jme.2015.02.096"},{"issue":"7","key":"11","first-page":"1657","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument"},{"issue":"3","key":"12","first-page":"457","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Control & Decision"},{"issue":"3","key":"13","first-page":"287","volume":"22","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Vibration Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"14","first-page":"486","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics"},{"issue":"5","key":"17","first-page":"475","volume":"18","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Engineering"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/9568785.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/9568785.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/9568785.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T18:00:14Z","timestamp":1475172014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2016\/9568785\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["9568785","9568785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/9568785","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-725X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}