{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:44:30Z","timestamp":1791423870052,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common genital infection in reproductive-aged women, is associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Its etiology remains unclear, especially the role of\n                    <jats:italic>Gardnerella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>G.<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an anaerobic bacterium characteristic of the BV-alteration of the vaginal ecosystem. In the genital mucosa, dendritic cells (DCs) sense bacteria of the microenvironment\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    receptors and then orchestrate the immune response by induction of different T cell subtypes. We investigated the interactions between\n                    <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and human monocyte-derived DCs using a wide range of bacterial concentrations (multiplicity of infection from 0.01 to 100), and the effects of this pathogen on PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation. As observed by electron microscopy and cytometry,\n                    <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced the internalization ability of DCs by forming extracellular clusters and induced neither DC maturation, nor DC secretion of cytokines, except at the highest dose with a very early DC maturation state. The same profile was observed on lymphocytes with significant increases of proliferation and cytokine secretion only at the highest bacterial concentration. Our findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>G. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    possesses slight immune-stimulating activities against DCs and T cells, reflecting thus a defective inflammatory response and giving rise to the atypical, non- or low-grade, inflammatory clinical disease profile.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9747480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T16:02:35Z","timestamp":1455724955000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Slight Pro-Inflammatory Immunomodulation Properties of Dendritic Cells by\n                    <i>Gardnerella vaginalis<\/i>\n                    : The \u201cInvisible Man\u201d of Bacterial Vaginosis?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bertran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR M\u00e9decine-Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Brachet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA de Theix, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, 63122 Saint-Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolaine","family":"Vareille-Delarbre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR M\u00e9decine-Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Falenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR M\u00e9decine-Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Dosgilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Vasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Laboratoire de Biochimie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Forestier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023 LMGE, Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlette","family":"Tridon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR M\u00e9decine-Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Evrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UFR M\u00e9decine-Pharmacie, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Laboratoire d\u2019Immunologie, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, 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