{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:33:43Z","timestamp":1758476023344,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81370492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To explore whether pictograms could help people understand reflux symptoms. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Gastroenterologists (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>28<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), non-GI physicians (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>30<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), healthy people without medical education (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>34<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), patients with gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>45<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and general people (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>100<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) were included. Pictograms denoting classic reflux symptoms (sour regurgitation, heartburn, retrosternal pain, and regurgitation) were created by the joint efforts of an artist and a gastroenterologist. The subjects were asked to tell the meaning of each card within 30\u2009s. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Compared with the physicians, healthy people without medical education tended to make mistakes in the understanding of the terms of reflux symptoms. Among GERD patients, all the terms of reflux symptoms could be understood accurately. Compared with that of non-GI physicians, GI physician had a higher accuracy in the understanding of the term regurgitation (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Pictograms denoting reflux symptoms could be understood accurately in all four groups. A sample from the general population showed that the recognition of the pictogram was more accurate than the recognition of the terms. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Pictograms could help ordinary people who do not have medical education to understand reflux symptoms more accurately in China. Compared with abstract terms, pictograms could be useful for epidemiological studies and diagnosis of GERD in the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1214584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T17:07:30Z","timestamp":1496336850000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pictograms to Provide a Better Understanding of Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms in Chinese Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-0096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GI, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GI, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300054, 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