{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:02:07Z","timestamp":1780434127418,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B7876-W"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B7876-W"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To quantify liver adiposity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine its association with metabolic profile in men with spinal cord injury (SCI).<jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. MRI analysis of liver adiposity by fat signal fraction (FSF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was completed on twenty participants. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted to measure glucose effectiveness<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">g<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math>and insulin sensitivity (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Lipid panel, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and inflammatory cytokines were also analyzed.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Average hepatic FSF was<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">3.7<\/mml:mn><mml:mi>%<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>. FSF was positively related to TG, non-HDL-C, fasting glucose, HbA1c, VAT, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>). FSF was negatively related to<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>and testosterone. FSF was positively related to VAT (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.48<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.032<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.51<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.016<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) independent of age, level of injury (LOI), and time since injury (TSI). The associations between FSF and metabolic profile were independent of VAT.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. MRI noninvasively estimated hepatic adiposity in men with chronic SCI. FSF was associated with dysfunction in metabolic profile, central adiposity, and inflammation. Importantly, liver adiposity influenced metabolic profile independently of VAT. These findings highlight the significance of quantifying liver adiposity after SCI to attenuate the development of metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1364818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T17:01:43Z","timestamp":1504112503000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Liver Adiposity and Metabolic Profile in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Kathleen C.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liron","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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