{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:09:17Z","timestamp":1762409357595,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anatomy Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:italic>. The aim of the study was to locate the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the infraorbital margin (IOM) for proper injections of local anesthetics in skull specimens. Another aim was to determine the depth of needle penetration into pterygopalatine fossa through the greater palatine canal (GPC). Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. 102 skull halves were used to measure the distances between (1) IOF and IOM and (2) IOF and alveolar ridge of maxilla at second premolar. Needles were inserted and bent at a 45\u00b0 angle, passing through the GPC at the level of hard palate. The depth of the tip of needle emerging out of GPC into pterygopalatine fossa was measured. Results<\/jats:italic>. The mean distance between IOF and IOM was 6.46<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>1.57<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm on the right side and 6.74<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>1.72<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm on the left. The mean distance between IOF and alveolar bone process of the maxilla at second premolar was 29.07<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>3.58<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm on the right side and 29.39<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>3.78<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009mm on the left. The mean depth of penetration of the needle into the pterygopalatine fossa was similar on both sides. Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Proper identification of IOF and pterygopalatine fossa is of great significance during local anesthesia injections, due to their close proximity to vital anatomic structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1403120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1513726241000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Infraorbital Foramen and Pterygopalatine Fossa Location in Dry Skulls: Anatomical Guidelines for Local Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9420-3727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Omar","family":"Masabni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Dental Hygiene, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6960-4388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maha","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"year":"2016","key":"1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(79)90161-0"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22558"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200112000-00006"},{"issue":"2","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000147763","volume":"154","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Anatomica"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.8742"},{"issue":"5","key":"7","first-page":"675","volume":"89","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200104000-00010"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000226005.43817.a2"},{"issue":"4","key":"12","first-page":"573","volume":"39","year":"1993","journal-title":"Egyptian Dental Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","first-page":"19","volume":"4","year":"1998","journal-title":"Revista Paulista de Acupuntura"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199912000-00006"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-002-0071-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","first-page":"35","volume":"26","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Morphological Sciences"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2011.44.1.79"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-005-0016-5"}],"container-title":["Anatomy Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2017\/1403120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2017\/1403120.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/archive\/2017\/1403120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T21:30:27Z","timestamp":1607376627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ari\/2017\/1403120\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["1403120","1403120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/1403120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2743","2090-2751"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-2743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-2751"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]}}}