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This study was to evaluate the utility of the compound graft for tubularized urethroplasty by seeding mesothelial cells onto autogenous granulation tissue.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Silastic tubes were implanted subcutaneously in 18 male rabbits, of which nine underwent omentum biopsies simultaneously for in vitro expansion of mesothelial cells. The granulation tissue covering the tubes was harvested 2 weeks after operation. Mesothelial cells were seeded onto and cocultured with the tissue for 7 days. A pendulous urethral segment of 1.5\u2009cm was totally excised. Urethroplasty was performed with mesothelial cell-seeded tissue tubes in an end-to-end fashion in nine rabbits and with unseeded grafts in others as controls. Serial urethrograms were performed at 1, 2, and 6 months postoperatively. Meanwhile, the neourethra was harvested and analyzed grossly and histologically.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Urethrograms showed cell-seeded grafts maintained wide at each time point, while strictures formation was found in unseeded grafts. Histologically, layers of urothelium surrounded by increasingly organized smooth muscles were observed in seeded grafts. In contrast, myofibroblasts accumulation and extensive scarring occurred in unseeded grafts.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Mesothelial cell-seeded granulation tissue tube can be successfully used for tubularized urethroplasty in male rabbits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1850256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:55:00Z","timestamp":1488329700000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Urethral Reconstruction Using Mesothelial Cell-Seeded Autogenous Granulation Tissue Tube: An Experimental Study in Male Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Shiwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 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