{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:55:49Z","timestamp":1789826149498,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SCG Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. To study the correlation between demographics and clinical variables and long-term severe visual impairment in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A retrospective chart review of SJS\/TEN patients between 2004 and 2014 was conducted. Demographics, causative agents, ocular manifestations, and visual outcomes were collected. The data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Of the 89 patients including SJS (65, 73.03%), TEN (15, 16.85%), and SJS-TEN overlap (9, 10.11%), 55 were female. The mean age was 41.58\u2009\u00b1\u200919.17 years. The most common identified agents were medications. Among these groups, antibiotics were the most prevalent (47.19%). Three patients (3.7%) had unknown etiology. Antibiotics and nonpharmaceutical triggers were significantly associated with long-term severe visual impairment (odds ratio 4.32;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.015<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>and 7.20;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.037<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, resp.). There was a significant negative relationship between HIV infection and long-term severe visual impairment (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.021<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Among all chronic ocular complications, only corneal neovascularization significantly correlated with severe visual impairment (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. SJS\/TEN patients caused by nonpharmaceutical triggers or antibiotics have an increased risk of developing long-term severe visual impairment from corneal neovascularization. HIV infection might be a protective factor against long-term poor visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2087578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,26]],"date-time":"2017-03-26T17:01:14Z","timestamp":1490547674000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Factors Contributing to Long-Term Severe Visual Impairment in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8203-2353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Passara","family":"Jongkhajornpong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2292-4581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaevalin","family":"Lekhanont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, 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