{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:59:27Z","timestamp":1789977567012,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2014R1A1A4A01004179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2014R1A1A4A01004179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The hyperactive state of sensory neurons in the spinal cord enhances pain transmission. Spinal glial cells have also been implicated in enhanced excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons, resulting in pain amplification and distortions. Traumatic injuries of the neural system such as spinal cord injury (SCI) induce neuronal hyperactivity and glial activation, causing maladaptive synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord. Recent studies demonstrate that SCI causes persistent glial activation with concomitant neuronal hyperactivity, thus providing the substrate for central neuropathic pain. Hyperactive sensory neurons and activated glial cells increase intracellular and extracellular glutamate, neuropeptides, adenosine triphosphates, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species concentrations, all of which enhance pain transmission. In addition, hyperactive sensory neurons and glial cells overexpress receptors and ion channels that maintain this enhanced pain transmission. Therefore, post-SCI neuronal-glial interactions create maladaptive synaptic circuits and activate intracellular signaling events that permanently contribute to enhanced neuropathic pain. In this review, we describe how hyperactivity of sensory neurons contributes to the maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain via neuronal-glial interactions following SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2480689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T17:01:56Z","timestamp":1504026116000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Neuronal-Glial Interactions Maintain Chronic Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-5733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young S.","family":"Gwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9988-8323","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claire E.","family":"Hulsebosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1605-2230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joong Woo","family":"Leem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"S12","volume":"16","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.06.001"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.01.021"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.10.010"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.032"},{"issue":"3","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X689460","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Transplantation"},{"issue":"9","key":"8","first-page":"3665","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7721"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.3.0415"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90899-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.4.1570","volume":"72","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)91174-4"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7268404"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902960206"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(00)29033-X","volume":"129","year":"2000","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00039.2002"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90186-2"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90070-R"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000098687","volume":"65","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery"},{"key":"21","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Allodynia and hyperalgesia within dermatomes caudal to a spinal cord injury in primates and rodents","volume":"129","year":"2000"},{"key":"22","first-page":"33","volume":"178","year":"2000","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00216-9"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03224-1"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.517"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199506090-00003"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830001400405"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.05.018"},{"key":"29","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury. 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