{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:12:06Z","timestamp":1784175126485,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. The changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>(MRSA) from a hospital-associated pathogen to an organism commonly found in the community and in livestock reflects an organism well-equipped to survive in diverse environments and adjust to different environmental conditions including antimicrobial use.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We investigated the molecular epidemiology of<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>and MRSA in poultry in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Samples were collected from 1800 birds on 9 different farms within the state. Positive isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and molecular typing.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Prevalence in birds was 13.7% (247\/1800). MRSA prevalence in poultry was 0.8%. The prevalence of MRSA in broilers and layers was 1.2% and 0.4%, respectively. All tested isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. Molecular analysis of the isolates revealed 3<jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>types: t002, t084, and a novel<jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>type, t11469. The novel<jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>type t11469 belonged to sequence type ST5.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The detection of t002 in chicken suggests the presence of livestock-associated MRSA in poultry in Ebonyi State. The detection of the new<jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>type t11469 in poultry that has not been characterised to ascertain its pathogenic potential remains a cause for concern, especially as some were found to carry PVL genes, a putative virulence factor in staphylococcal infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2936461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,19]],"date-time":"2017-11-19T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1511134241000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Novel Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>t11469 and a Poultry Endemic Strain t002 (ST5) Are Present in Chicken in Ebonyi State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Amos","family":"Nworie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azi S.","family":"Onyema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon I.","family":"Okekpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Elom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nse O.","family":"Umoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor U.","family":"Usanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon A.","family":"Ibiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boniface N.","family":"Ukwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda C.","family":"Nwadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinwe","family":"Ezeruigbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Busayo O.","family":"Olayinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph O.","family":"Ehinmidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah A.","family":"Onaolapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake M.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shylo E.","family":"Wardyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University 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