{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:36:08Z","timestamp":1787826968223,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9P013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9P013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9R007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9R007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9S007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9S007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9P013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9P013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9R007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9R007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9S007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9S007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9P013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9P013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9R007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9R007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010600","name":"Tampere University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["9S007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9S007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) decreases sleep spindle density and frequency. We evaluated the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on different features of sleep spindles.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Twenty OSA patients underwent two night polysomnographies in a diagnostic phase and one night polysomnography after 6 months of CPAP treatment. The control group comprised 20 healthy controls. Sleep spindles were analyzed by a previously developed automated method. Unilateral and bilateral spindles were identified in central and frontopolar brain locations. Spindle density and frequency were determined for the first and last half of the NREM time.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The density of bilateral central spindles, which did not change in the untreated OSA patients, increased towards the morning hours during CPAP treatment and in the controls. Central spindles did not become faster with sleep in OSA patients and the central spindles remained slow in the left hemisphere even with CPAP.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. CPAP treatment normalized spindle features only partially. The changes may be associated with deficits in thalamocortical spindle generating loops.<jats:italic>Significance<\/jats:italic>. This study shows that some sleep spindle changes persist after CPAP treatment in OSA patients. The association of these changes to daytime symptoms in OSA patients needs to be further evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2962479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T07:35:46Z","timestamp":1486020946000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["CPAP Treatment Partly Normalizes Sleep Spindle Features in Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Tiia","family":"Saunam\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Huupponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juho","family":"Loponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-590X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sari-Leena","family":"Himanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26814","volume":"3","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(96)01275-9"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.03.019"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0013-4694(97)00070-9"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1997.00046.x"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00175-3"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000118923"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00028-8"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00273.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074639"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235588"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406292647"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.09.007"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1290"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703084104"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000341"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207532109"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-89"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00239-3"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00389-9"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.07.002"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940904000308"},{"key":"23","year":"2007"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"issue":"2","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.2.173","volume":"15","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2007.04.003"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(86)90140-9"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90579-C"},{"issue":"4","key":"29","first-page":"155","volume":"3","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep Research Online"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.043"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2604-11.2011"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(98)00051-0"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0252"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018331"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018744"},{"issue":"10","key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-10-03200.1991","volume":"11","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3252","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03252.1993","volume":"13","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(97)00186-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"39","first-page":"1","volume":"1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep Research Online"},{"issue":"6","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(90)90001-Z","volume":"76","year":"1990","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021133"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02796-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.3.649","volume":"68","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.2.204","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.10.019"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.01.019"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5660-10.2011"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80629-7"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00744.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.298","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0361-9230(03)00068-6"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2001.00817.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"53","first-page":"R650","volume":"258","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048684"},{"issue":"5, part 1","key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03526.1995","volume":"15","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.851ba.x"}],"container-title":["Sleep Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sd\/2017\/2962479.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sd\/2017\/2962479.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sd\/2017\/2962479.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T11:48:43Z","timestamp":1601552923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/sd\/2017\/2962479\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["2962479","2962479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/2962479","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3545","2090-3553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-3545","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-3553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}