{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:53:28Z","timestamp":1768877608516,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007131","name":"Texas Tech University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose.<\/jats:italic>The goal of this study was to understand the potential interaction between<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>within the middle ear.<jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>We examined the microbiota of ear fluid and tympanostomy tubes (TTs) obtained from patients with posttympanostomy tube otorrhea. We also examined biofilms formed by<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>, singly or together, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>While the facultative anaerobe<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>dominated the bacterial population within the ear fluid, strict anaerobes, including<jats:italic>F. nucleatum,<\/jats:italic>dominated bacterial populations within the TTs.<jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>was able to grow under aerobic conditions only in the presence of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, whose growth reduced the level of dissolved oxygen within the broth to nearly anoxic condition within 4\u2009h after inoculation. The presence of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>allowed<jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>to maintain its growth for 72\u2009h within the dual-species biofilm but not within the planktonic growth. Visualization of the biofilms revealed coaggregation of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>Extrapolation of these results suggests that, within the middle ear fluid, the growth of<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>produces the anaerobic conditions required for the growth of<jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>, both within effusion and within biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3037191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T21:02:13Z","timestamp":1500325333000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Planktonic Growth of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>around a Dual-Species Biofilm Supports the Growth of<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/i>within That Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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