{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:24:14Z","timestamp":1740173054786,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["467207\/2014-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["467207\/2014-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["467207\/2014-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["467207\/2014-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004726","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["467207\/2014-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["467207\/2014-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common clinical form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Viannia<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. CL is associated with a strong Th1 immune response. This exacerbated inflammatory response is correlated with severity of disease and delays the healing time of the ulcer. The fourth-generation immucillin derivative (DI4G), a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, has been proposed as a promising agent in the treatment of diseases associated with T cell activation. Herein, we evaluated the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>immunomodulatory activity of DI4G in cells of patients presenting with CL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CL patients were stimulated with soluble leishmania antigen (SLA), in the presence or absence of DI4G, and IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, TNF, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels were determined by ELISA. Lymphocyte proliferation in the presence or absence of DI4G was also evaluated, using flow cytometry. DI4G was able to decrease (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>production but did not change the TNF, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels. DI4G decreased (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) the lymphoproliferative response mediated by CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, but not that by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. DI4G is able to attenuate the exaggerated immune response in CL, exhibiting immunomodulatory activity in IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>production and in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3062892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,27]],"date-time":"2017-08-27T21:01:45Z","timestamp":1503867705000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>Immunomodulatory Activity of a Transition-State Analog Inhibitor of Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2586-7877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Barbosa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia do Complexo Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Professor Edgard Santos (Com-HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 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