{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:23:01Z","timestamp":1784762581523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pathogens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Enzymatic modification results in high-level resistance to aminoglycoside (HLAR), which eliminates the synergistic bactericidal effect of combined exposure to a cell wall-active agent and an aminoglycoside. So aim of the study was to determine prevalence of HLAR enterococcal isolate and to study distribution of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in them. A total of 100 nonrepeat isolates of enterococci from various clinical samples were analyzed. As per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines enterococci were screened for HLAR by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration of all isolates for gentamicin and streptomycin was determined by E-test. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for HLAR enterococcal isolates to identify aminoglycoside modifying enzymes genes responsible for resistance. 60% isolates were found to be high-level gentamicin resistant (HLGR) whereas 45% isolates were found to be high-level streptomycin resistant (HLSR). By multiplex PCR 80% HLGR isolates carried bifunctional aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene<jats:italic>aac(6<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ie-aph(2<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ia<\/jats:italic>whereas 18 out of 45 high-level streptomycin resistant, that is, 40%, isolates carried<jats:italic>aph(3<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:italic>)-IIIa.<\/jats:italic>However,<jats:italic>aph(2<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ib, aph(2<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ic, aph(2<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2032<jats:italic>)-Id,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>ant(4<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ia<\/jats:italic>genes which encode other aminoglycosides modifying enzymes were not detected. Bifunctional aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene<jats:italic>aac(6<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ie-aph(2<\/jats:italic>\u2032\u2032<jats:italic>)-Ia<\/jats:italic>is the predominant gene responsible for HLAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3256952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,24]],"date-time":"2017-12-24T23:34:49Z","timestamp":1514158489000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Analysis of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzyme Genes Responsible for High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance among Enterococcal Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6202-8784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vishal","family":"Shete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4083-761X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naveen","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1656-1649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahadevan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(02)00094-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00510-3"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313949"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00135"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.026385-0"},{"key":"6","year":"2006"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.4.751"},{"key":"8","year":"1997"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.4.1423-1426.2003"},{"key":"10","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.1.24-27.1995","volume":"33","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"12","first-page":"25","volume":"118","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"111","volume":"128","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/329157"},{"key":"17","first-page":"77","volume":"119","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.96687"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.265"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki347"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpath\/2017\/3256952.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpath\/2017\/3256952.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpath\/2017\/3256952.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T21:49:35Z","timestamp":1603576175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jpath\/2017\/3256952\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["3256952","3256952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/3256952","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3057","2090-3065"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-3057","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-3065","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}