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We investigated the changes in the number and distribution of interstitial cells (ICs) and in the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the bladder and urethra of rats subjected to either intermediate or chronic CYP treatment. Pronounced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of ICs were evident within the lamina propria and in the muscle layer. IC immunolabeling with CD34, PDGFR<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, and vimentin was enhanced, as reflected by higher colocalization indexes of the distinct pairs of markers. Moreover, de novo expression of eNOS was evident in vimentin and CD34 positive ICs. Pretreatment with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib prevented eNOS expression and ICs proliferation, as well as the increased voiding frequency and urinary tract weight provoked by CYP. As similar results were obtained in the urethra, urethritis may contribute to the uropathology of CYP-induced cystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3457093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,18]],"date-time":"2017-06-18T17:02:31Z","timestamp":1497805351000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Proliferation of Interstitial Cells in the Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis and the Preventive Effect of Imatinib"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4750-1040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Sancho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5273-6453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Domingo","family":"Triguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aranzazu","family":"Lafuente-Sanchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-2125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angeles","family":"Garcia-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.5455\/jeim.080312.ir.010","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.03.008"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104216"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2014.04.002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00344.2007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.115956"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.241"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90301.2008"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053423"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.065136"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22465","volume":"33","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0454-y","volume":"330","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Research"},{"key":"13","volume":"2011","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-561","volume":"2","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05988.x","volume":"97","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJU International"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22415"},{"issue":"3","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20085","volume":"25","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics"},{"issue":"4","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20502","volume":"27","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.07.048"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.01.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2005.02.001","volume":"201","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pathology - 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