{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T13:14:32Z","timestamp":1759497272850,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 5-752-3-177","15K19217","JPMJPR15E1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 5-752-3-177","15K19217","JPMJPR15E1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 5-752-3-177","15K19217","JPMJPR15E1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 5-752-3-177","15K19217","JPMJPR15E1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009023","name":"Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 5-752-3-177","15K19217","JPMJPR15E1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 5-752-3-177","15K19217","JPMJPR15E1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Understanding the epidemiology of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) requires knowledge of sexual behavior, but self-reported behavior has limitations. We explored the reliability and validity of nonpaternity and half-siblings ratios as biomarkers of current and past extramarital sex.<jats:italic> Methods<\/jats:italic>. An individual-based Monte Carlo simulation model was constructed to describe partnering and conception in human populations with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The model was parameterized with representative biological, behavioral, and demographic data.<jats:italic> Results<\/jats:italic>. Nonpaternity and half-siblings ratios were strongly correlated with extramarital sex, with Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71\u20130.86) and 0.77 (0.68\u20130.84), respectively. Age-specific nonpaternity ratios correlated with past extramarital sex at time of conception for different scenarios: for example, PCC, after smoothing by moving averages, was 0.75 (0.52\u20130.89) in a scenario of steadily decreasing nonmarital sex and 0.39 (0.01\u20130.73) in a scenario of transient drops in nonmarital sex. Simulations assuming self-reported levels of extramarital sex from Kenya yielded nonpaternity levels lower than global nonpaternity data, suggesting sizable underreporting of extramarital sex.<jats:italic> Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Nonpaternity and half-siblings ratios are useful objective measures of extramarital sex that avoid limitations in self-reported sexual behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3564861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T17:01:30Z","timestamp":1503421290000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nonpaternity and Half-Siblingships as Objective Measures of Extramarital Sex: Mathematical Modeling and Simulations"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9635-1459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Omori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Cornell University, 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