{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T12:28:05Z","timestamp":1775478485475,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To conduct systematic analyses to evaluate the efficacy of progesterone therapy for the prevention of miscarriages in pregnant women experiencing threatened abortion.<jats:italic> Methods<\/jats:italic>. In November 2016, we performed a systematic literature search and identified 51 articles in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We identified nine randomized trials that included 913 pregnant women (including 322 treated with oral dydrogesterone, 213 treated with vaginal progesterone, and 378 control subjects) who met the selection criteria.<jats:italic> Results<\/jats:italic>. The incidence of miscarriage was significantly lower in the total progesterone group than in the control group (13.0% versus 21.7%; odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36 to 0.78; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>.<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">00<\/mml:mn><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, 0%). Moreover, the incidence of miscarriage was significantly lower in the oral dydrogesterone group than in the control group (11.7% versus 22.6%; odds ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.71; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>.<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0<\/mml:mn><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, 0%) and was lower in the vaginal progesterone group than in the control group, although this difference was nonsignificant (15.4% versus 20.3%; odds ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.34; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0<\/mml:mn><mml:mtext>.<\/mml:mtext><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">30<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, 0%). However, the incidence of miscarriage was not different between the oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone groups.<jats:italic> Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Progesterone therapy, especially oral dydrogesterone, can effectively prevent miscarriage in pregnant women experiencing threatened abortion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3616875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,17]],"date-time":"2017-12-17T18:31:26Z","timestamp":1513535486000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Influence of Oral Dydrogesterone and Vaginal Progesterone on Threatened Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Hee Joong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Chul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Errol","family":"Norwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-043X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Banghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110382922"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54178-8"},{"issue":"9","key":"3","first-page":"1098","volume":"34","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science in China. 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