{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:12:38Z","timestamp":1791695558892,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background.<\/jats:italic>Metals are very frequent sensitizers causing contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis worldwide; up-to-date data based on patch test results has proved useful for the identification of a problem.<jats:italic>Objectives.<\/jats:italic>In this retrospective study prevalence of contact allergy to metals (nickel, chromium, palladium, gold, cobalt, and titanium) in Lithuania is analysed.<jats:italic>Patients\/Methods.<\/jats:italic>Clinical and patch test data of 546 patients patch tested in 2014\u20132016, in Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos, was analysed and compared with previously published data.<jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>Almost third of tested patients (29.56%) were sensitized to nickel. Younger women were more often sensitized to nickel than older ones (36% versus 22.8%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0011<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Women were significantly more often sensitized to nickel than men (33% versus 6.1%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Younger patients were more often sensitized to cobalt (11.6% versus 5.7%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0183<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Sensitization to cobalt was related to sensitization to nickel (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Face dermatitis and oral discomfort were related to gold allergy (28% versus 6.9% dermatitis of other parts,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Older patients were patch test positive to gold(I) sodium thiosulfate statistically significantly more often than younger ones (44.44% versus 21.21%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.0281<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>Nickel, gold, cobalt, and chromium are leading metal sensitizers in Lithuania. Cobalt sensitization is often accompanied by sensitization to nickel. Sensitivity rate to palladium and nickel indicates possible cross-reactivity. No sensitization to titanium was found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3964045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T21:03:45Z","timestamp":1489698225000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Metals Are Important Contact Sensitizers: An Experience from Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Kotryna","family":"Linauskien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Chest Diseases, Dermatovenereology and Allergology, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0796-5182","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Malinauskien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Chest Diseases, Dermatovenereology and Allergology, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audra","family":"Bla\u017eien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Chest Diseases, Dermatovenereology and Allergology, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070509"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020202"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14167"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9554.10000299"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02359.x","volume":"22","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2015.27.4.389"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12327"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12432"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01797.x"},{"key":"6","first-page":"1","volume":"188","year":"1994","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12333"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02059.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0809293"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000101"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2010.01752.x"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000154"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12295"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/3964045.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/3964045.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/3964045.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,23]],"date-time":"2024-06-23T01:54:21Z","timestamp":1719107661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/3964045\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["3964045","3964045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/3964045","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}