{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1791525926223,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nkinga Referral Hospital"},{"name":"Nkinga Friends"},{"name":"CUHAS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>. Urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women can lead to adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. UTI has been widely studied in the general obstetric population in Tanzania; the present study evaluated the magnitude, antimicrobial resistance, and predictors of UTI among HIV-positive pregnant women.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Between March and May 2016 midstream urine samples from 234 women attending prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) clinics were analyzed using standard methods. Data was analyzed by STATA version 11.0.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The prevalence of UTI was 21.4%, 50\/234 [95% CI: 16.1\u201326.6]. The asymptomatically significant bacteriuria was higher than symptomatically significant bacteriuria (16.6% versus 4.7%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, single marital status (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1\u20136.1, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.026<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), low CD4+ counts of &lt;200\/<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>L (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1\u20137.7, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.031<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and having UTI symptoms (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1\u20136.0, and<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) were independent predictors of UTI.<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>predominated (57.7%) and exhibited a low prevalence of resistance to nitrofurantoin (16.7%), gentamicin (10.0%), and ceftriaxone (13.3%). Four (13.3%) of these were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. A considerable proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women in Mwanza have significant bacteriuria which calls for the need to introduce routine UTI screening at PMTCT clinics to guide specific treatment and prevent associated complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4042686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T16:10:24Z","timestamp":1485879024000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Urinary Tract Infections among HIV-Positive Pregnant Women in Mwanza City, Tanzania, Are High and Predicted by Low CD4+ Count"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Tito","family":"Chaula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1370, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-5329","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Seni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhandi","family":"Ng\u2019walida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1370, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alphaxaid","family":"Kajura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1370, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam M.","family":"Mirambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"DeVinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-6271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen E.","family":"Mshana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. 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