{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:08:35Z","timestamp":1790827715189,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Patients with prediabetes are at risk for diabetes, cardiovascular events, and microvascular complications. The rtx1 (Imagine Eyes, France) permits early detection of changes in the retinal photoreceptors and vessels. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Cone parameters and retinal microvasculature were analyzed with the rtx1 in 12 prediabetic patients and 22 healthy subjects. The analysis was based on cone density (DM), interphotoreceptor distance (SM), cone packing regularity, and retinal vessel parameters: wall thickness, lumen diameter (LD), wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), and cross-sectional area of the vascular wall. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. DM in the prediabetic group was not significantly lower than that in the control group (18,935\u2009\u00b1\u20091713 cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 19,900\u2009\u00b1\u20092375 cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, respectively; <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.0928<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The LD and WLR means differed significantly between the prediabetic and the control groups (LD 94.3\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9 versus 101.2\u2009\u00b1\u200915, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.022<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>; WLR 0.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 versus 0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the WLR was significantly correlated with BMI and total cholesterol. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Abnormalities found in rtx1 examinations indicated early signs of arteriolar dysfunction, prior to impaired glucose tolerance progressing to diabetes. The rtx1 retinal image analysis offers noninvasive measurement of early changes in the vasculature that routine clinical examination cannot detect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4174292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T18:30:53Z","timestamp":1510079453000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Retinal Photoreceptors and Microvascular Changes in Prediabetes Measured with Adaptive Optics (rtx1\u2122): A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-970X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Zaleska-\u017bmijewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Pi\u0105tkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"\u015amigielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Soko\u0142owska-Oracz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Retinopathy Outpatient Clinic, Masovian Hospital Br\u00f3dno, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew M.","family":"Wawrzyniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 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