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Noninvasive electrical brain stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes has been proposed as an alternative\/complementary therapy for seizure control. Previous results suggest its efficacy attenuating acute seizures in penicillin, pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, and pentylenetetrazole-induced rat seizure models and its safety for the rat scalp, cortical integrity, and memory formation. In this study, neuronal counting was used to assess possible tissue damage in rats (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>36<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) due to the single dose or five doses (given every 24 hours) of stimulation on hippocampal CA3 subregion neurons 24 hours, one week, and one month after the last stimulation dose. Full factorial analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference in the number of neurons between control and stimulation-treated animals (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.71). Moreover, it showed no statistically significant differences due to the number of stimulation doses (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.71) nor due to the delay after the last stimulation dose (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>\u2009=\u20090.96). Obtained results suggest that stimulation at current parameters (50\u2009mA, 200\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>s, 300\u2009Hz, biphasic, charge-balanced pulses for 2 minutes) does not induce neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA3 subregion of the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4302810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,13]],"date-time":"2017-08-13T17:03:08Z","timestamp":1502643788000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Safety of the Transcranial Focal Electrical Stimulation via Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes for Hippocampal CA3 Subregion Neurons in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8551-5112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Mucio-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuromorfolog\u00eda Funcional, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz, Calz. M\u00e9xico Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-0500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Makeyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Din\u00e9 College, 1 Circle Dr., Tsaile, AZ 86556, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200304000-00008","volume":"16","year":"2003","journal-title":"Current Opinion Neurology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00664-1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.06.007"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01202.x"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.037"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065711002729"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2012.12.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2012.2198244"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1982.324910"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ebeh.2001.0193"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-009-9891-y"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.01.006"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.688207"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.03.037"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.19.001.2010"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.07.009"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091400"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","first-page":"2434","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"21","year":"2004"},{"key":"22","year":"2004"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6945030"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.06.015"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.06.007"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2012.2197865"},{"issue":"s1","key":"27","first-page":"353","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Currents"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01725.x"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.12.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200009)48:3<372::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"48","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200106000-00008","volume":"17","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of ECT"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.7.957"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.01.022"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016"},{"issue":"1","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(97)00096-8","volume":"108","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology\/Evoked Potentials Section"}],"container-title":["Journal of Healthcare Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2017\/4302810.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2017\/4302810.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2017\/4302810.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,7]],"date-time":"2018-01-07T18:30:36Z","timestamp":1515349836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jhe\/2017\/4302810\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["4302810","4302810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/4302810","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2295","2040-2309"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2295","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-2309","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}