{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T14:17:57Z","timestamp":1761401877123,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["105117\/105279","IN108910\/IN117017","PE 103807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105117\/105279","IN108910\/IN117017","PE 103807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DGAPA-PAPIIT","award":["105117\/105279","IN108910\/IN117017","PE 103807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105117\/105279","IN108910\/IN117017","PE 103807"]}]},{"name":"PAPIME","award":["105117\/105279","IN108910\/IN117017","PE 103807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105117\/105279","IN108910\/IN117017","PE 103807"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Location privacy in wireless networks is nowadays a major concern. This is due to the fact that the mere fact of transmitting may allow a network to pinpoint a mobile node. We consider that a first step to protect a mobile node in this situation is to provide it with the means to quantify how accurately a network establishes its position. To achieve this end, we introduce the location-exposure algorithm (LEA), which runs on the mobile terminal only and whose operation consists of two steps. In the first step, LEA discovers the positions of nearby network nodes and uses this information to emulate how they estimate the position of the mobile node. In the second step, it quantifies the level of exposure by computing the distance between the position estimated in the first step and its true position. We refer to these steps as a<jats:italic>location-exposure<\/jats:italic>problem. We tested our proposal with simulations and testbed experiments. These results show the ability of LEA to reproduce the location of the mobile node, as seen by the network, and to quantify the level of exposure. This knowledge can help the mobile user decide which actions should be performed before transmitting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4525380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,26]],"date-time":"2017-02-26T16:00:57Z","timestamp":1488124857000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["LEA: An Algorithm to Estimate the Level of Location Exposure in Infrastructure-Based Wireless Networks"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4877-055X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4190-1660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Javier","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-8780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel","family":"Lopez-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-3565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victor","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-8715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Pascoe-Chalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2013.6525606"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-011-9564-7"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-015-0046-1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2009.75"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mprv.2006.69"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2014.2359651"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2009.90"},{"issue":"3","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2004.1261841","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2014.2311993"}],"container-title":["Mobile Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2017\/4525380.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2017\/4525380.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2017\/4525380.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T07:24:36Z","timestamp":1498375476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/misy\/2017\/4525380\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["4525380","4525380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/4525380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1574-017X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-905X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}