{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:41:46Z","timestamp":1769388106831,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"973 Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2013CB329404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB329404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"973 Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61370147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61370147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"973 Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61402082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61402082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"973 Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZYGX2016J132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGX2016J132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013CB329404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB329404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61370147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61370147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61402082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61402082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZYGX2016J132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGX2016J132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013CB329404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB329404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61370147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61370147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61402082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61402082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZYGX2016J132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGX2016J132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2013CB329404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB329404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61370147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61370147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61402082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61402082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZYGX2016J132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGX2016J132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have proposed a patch-based principal component analysis (PCA) method to deal with face recognition. Many PCA-based methods for face recognition utilize the correlation between pixels, columns, or rows. But the local spatial information is not utilized or not fully utilized in these methods. We believe that patches are more meaningful basic units for face recognition than pixels, columns, or rows, since faces are discerned by patches containing eyes and noses. To calculate the correlation between patches, face images are divided into patches and then these patches are converted to column vectors which would be combined into a new \u201cimage matrix.\u201d By replacing the images with the new \u201cimage matrix\u201d in the two-dimensional PCA framework, we directly calculate the correlation of the divided patches by computing the total scatter. By optimizing the total scatter of the projected samples, we obtain the projection matrix for feature extraction. Finally, we use the nearest neighbor classifier. Extensive experiments on the ORL and FERET face database are reported to illustrate the performance of the patch-based PCA. Our method promotes the accuracy compared to one-dimensional PCA, two-dimensional PCA, and two-directional two-dimensional PCA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5317850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T21:14:16Z","timestamp":1499807656000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Patch-Based Principal Component Analysis for Face Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Tai-Xiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7766-230X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ting-Zhu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi-Le","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-9485","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tian-Hui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101"},{"key":"2","year":"2002"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071325"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440109462720"},{"key":"6","volume-title":"The search for mathematical roots, 1870\u20131940","year":"2011"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.06.004"},{"key":"9","year":"2005"},{"key":"10","first-page":"1","year":"1996","journal-title":"Data Analysis"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1261097"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2419075"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2011.2140370"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.901238"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.05.018"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-017-0460-5"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.02.015"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2475895"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/110854989"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2017.01.037"},{"issue":"3","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4208\/nmtma.2014.1326nm","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Numerical Mathematics. Theory, Methods and Applications"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.54.1.013107"},{"issue":"40","key":"24","first-page":"66","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001413560053"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tgrs.2012.2227764"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.10.041"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2017.04.002"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.04.049"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.07.049"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(93)90056-3"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00040-7"},{"key":"37","year":"2012"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879790"}],"container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2017\/5317850.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2017\/5317850.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2017\/5317850.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T02:14:59Z","timestamp":1589768099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cin\/2017\/5317850\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["5317850","5317850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/5317850","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-5265","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-5273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}