{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:48:19Z","timestamp":1787017699791,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysregulation of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and central pain pathways in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a growing evidence. Authors include some forms of TMD among central sensitization syndromes (CSS), a group of pathologies characterized by central morphofunctional alterations. Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is useful for clinical diagnosis. Clinical examination and CSI cannot identify the central site(s) affected in these diseases. Ultralow frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ULFTENS) is extensively used in TMD and in dental clinical practice, because of its effects on descending pain modulation pathways. The Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC\/TMD) are the most accurate tool for diagnosis and classification of TMD. However, it includes CSI to investigate central aspects of TMD. Preliminary data on sensory ULFTENS show it is a reliable tool for the study of central and autonomic pathways in TMD. An alternative classification based on the presence of Central Sensitization and on individual response to sensory ULFTENS is proposed. TMD may be classified into 4 groups: (a) TMD with Central Sensitization ULFTENS Responders; (b) TMD with Central Sensitization ULFTENS Nonresponders; (c) TMD without Central Sensitization ULFTENS Responders; (d) TMD without Central Sensitization ULFTENS Nonresponders. This pathogenic classification of TMD may help to differentiate therapy and aetiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5957076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,28]],"date-time":"2017-08-28T17:01:59Z","timestamp":1503939719000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Central Sensitization-Based Classification for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pathogenetic Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9567-4459","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MeSVA Department, University of L\u2019Aquila, P.le S. Tommasi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruggero","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MeSVA Department, University of L\u2019Aquila, P.le S. Tommasi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Marci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MeSVA Department, University of L\u2019Aquila, P.le S. Tommasi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Pietropaoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MeSVA Department, University of L\u2019Aquila, P.le S. Tommasi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ortu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MeSVA Department, University of L\u2019Aquila, P.le S. Tommasi, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/18.6.669"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516653922"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2007.12.009"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-12-26"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.15-0491"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12515"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12132"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.007"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20130221"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.20.1.127-133.sar"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2009.10.003"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516657070"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00493.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030"},{"issue":"5","key":"16","first-page":"447","volume":"17","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397111666150619095330"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.012"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.04.006"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01521.x"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12690"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2008.12.002"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.05.001"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.009"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.018"},{"key":"26","first-page":"S129","volume":"34","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.08.019"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.09.012"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.09.007"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000633"},{"issue":"1","key":"31","first-page":"9","volume":"17","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000086200"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12029"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.012"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000113"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.03.011"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.006"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.006"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094300"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.09.002"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045424"},{"issue":"3","key":"42","first-page":"230","volume":"23","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of orofacial pain"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.023"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.04.013"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004271"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1297"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.09.004"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00490"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.027"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122826"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.014"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.020"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3801010.x"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1537-5897(03)00045-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"55","first-page":"117","volume":"71","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiologica"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3153"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-139003"},{"issue":"10","key":"58","first-page":"CD004715","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online)"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.87062"},{"issue":"2","key":"60","first-page":"139","volume":"11","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Orofacial Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"61","first-page":"E3","volume":"14","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e328337f9ab"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.08.028"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1408"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.08.019"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460311.71572.5f"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-016-0049-y"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00895.x"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2003.434"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.02.007"},{"key":"71","first-page":"296","volume":"28","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgical Technology International"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1787-2"},{"key":"73","first-page":"268","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surgical Technology International"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120281"},{"issue":"3","key":"75","volume":"16","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.14.13"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.04.023"},{"issue":"2","key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38209-6","volume":"289","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29376-9","volume":"298","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.09.014"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.056"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.5576"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.10.030"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jpai.2001.19963"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(00)00313-0"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02226-1"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.07.004"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.7687"},{"issue":"12","key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2001.65.12.tb03497.x","volume":"65","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Education"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430903.x"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0261-15.2015"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02157-4"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6064\/2012\/561761"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00049-5"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13240-7"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.08.021"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21624"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903060311"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903090303"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20365"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(97)00019-7"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411512-5.00019-1"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000673"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.02.023"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148715"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000533"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2016.24"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-01730300143-7"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000749"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00094"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12576"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.19"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-84"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.043"},{"key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2040-8"},{"key":"117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9257-3"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.07.003"},{"key":"119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.27478"},{"key":"120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00208-4"},{"key":"121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.09.017"},{"issue":"1","key":"122","first-page":"38","volume":"29","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cranio - Journal of Craniomandibular Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"123","first-page":"29","volume":"2","year":"1969","journal-title":"Scientific and Educational Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"124","first-page":"237","volume":"29","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cranio - Journal of Craniomandibular Practice"},{"key":"125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963413Z.00000000018"},{"issue":"12","key":"126","first-page":"57","volume":"3","year":"1972","journal-title":"Quintessence international"},{"key":"127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2001.11746165"},{"issue":"6","key":"128","first-page":"365","volume":"37","year":"1997","journal-title":"Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300352"},{"key":"130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.12.008"},{"key":"131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2016.1171479"},{"issue":"4","key":"132","first-page":"343","volume":"58","year":"1988","journal-title":"Angle Orthodontist"},{"key":"133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-168"},{"key":"135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004"},{"key":"136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.02.014"},{"key":"137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.02.352"},{"key":"138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2699-y"},{"key":"139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02058.x"},{"key":"140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90264-G"},{"key":"141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91437-W"},{"key":"142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-052209-100430"},{"key":"143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4086"},{"key":"144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.01.012"},{"key":"145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.076"},{"key":"147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2008.015"},{"issue":"a:0170","key":"146","volume":"96","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"}],"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2017\/5957076.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2017\/5957076.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2017\/5957076.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:05:23Z","timestamp":1750809923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2017\/5957076\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":146,"alternative-id":["5957076","5957076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/5957076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-6765","1918-1523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}