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Propolis, a natural compound widely used in traditional medical applications, exhibits a range of biological effects, including activity against infectious agents. The aim of this study was to test the potential leishmanicidal effects of different propolis extracts against <jats:italic>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis<\/jats:italic> promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes in vitro. Stationary\u2010phase <jats:italic>L. (V) braziliensis<\/jats:italic> promastigotes were incubated with medium alone or treated with dry, alcoholic, or glycolic propolis extract (10, 50, or 100\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL) for 96\u2009h. Our data showed that all extracts exhibited a dose\u2010dependent effect on the viability of <jats:italic>L. (V) braziliensis<\/jats:italic> promastigotes, while controlling the parasite burden inside infected macrophages. Dry propolis extract significantly modified the inflammatory profile of murine macrophages by downmodulating TGF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and IL\u201010 production, while upmodulating TNF\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>. All three types of propolis extract were found to reduce nitric oxide and superoxide levels in activated <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected macrophages. Altogether, our results showed that propolis extracts exhibited a leishmanicidal effect against both stages of <jats:italic>L. (V) braziliensis<\/jats:italic>. The low cell toxicity and efficient microbicidal effect of alcoholic or glycolic propolis extracts make them candidates to an additive treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6067172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T21:02:47Z","timestamp":1497387767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Parasite Killing of <i>Leishmania (V) braziliensis<\/i> by Standardized Propolis Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Rebou\u00e7as-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana S.","family":"Celes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonilson Berlink","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-2413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hernane S.","family":"Barud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7868-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila I.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5719-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andresa A.","family":"Berretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2775-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria M.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0138-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","article-title":"Vaccines to prevent leishmaniasis","volume":"3","author":"Kumar R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol Nature Publishing Group"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cti.2014.4.","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2014.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Leishmaniasis: worldwide epidemiology and drug access update http:\/\/www.who.int\/leishmaniasis\/resources\/Leishmaniasis_worldwide_epidemiological_and_drug_access_update.pdf 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","article-title":"Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana. serie A","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2007","journal-title":"Normas e Manuais T\u00e9cnicos"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.152560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199754060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0367.2011v32n1p111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/157652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.1834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/673058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/703024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ec.00256-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.3641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/418508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","unstructured":"Miranda Suelen Santos Silva M. 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