{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:38:55Z","timestamp":1788057535694,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Integrated Innovation Project plan","award":["2014KTCL03-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014KTCL03-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of two different contrast agents to detect cardiac right-to-left shunting in patients with a patent foramen ovale during contrast transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography. Eighty-four patients who had migraines or experienced cryptogenic stroke were prospectively enrolled. Contrast echocardiography of the right portion of the heart was performed using an injection of either (i) 8\u2009ml of agitated saline, 1\u2009ml of blood, and 1\u2009ml of air (ASB) or (ii) 4\u2009ml of vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> and 6\u2009ml of sodium bicarbonate solution (VSBS). All patients underwent contrast echocardiography with different contrast agents successively before undergoing transesophageal echocardiography. The diagnostic sensitivity of VSBS and ASB for cardiac shunting diagnosis was 94.23% and 78.85%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity in the VSBS group was significantly higher than that in the ASB group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03c7<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">5.283<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.022<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The observed semiquantitative shunt grading suggests that the positive rate in the VSBS group was higher than that in the ASB group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>Z<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">1.998<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=\"italic\">0.046<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). The use of vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> and sodium bicarbonate solution as a TTE contrast agent yielded a high sensitivity compared with ASB. However, further trials with large sample size are required to confirm this finding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6086094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,3]],"date-time":"2017-12-03T18:31:32Z","timestamp":1512325892000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of Different Contrast Agents in Detecting Cardiac Right-to-Left Shunt in Patients with a Patent Foramen Ovale during Contrast-Transthoracic Echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Enfa","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gesheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6395-2768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yushun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9303-9198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan\u2019an University, Xianyang 712000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan\u2019an University, Xianyang 712000, 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