{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:09:03Z","timestamp":1761808143676,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diameters of anterior and posterior atlantodental intervals (AADI and PADI) are diagnostically conclusive regarding ongoing neurological disorders in rheumatoid arthritis. MRI and X-ray are mostly used for patients\u2019 follow-up. This investigation aimed at analyzing these intervals during motion of cervical spine, when transverse and alar ligaments are damaged. AADI and PADI of 10 native, human cervical spines were measured using lateral fluoroscopy, while the spines were assessed in neutral position first, in maximal inclination second, and in maximal extension at last. First, specimens were evaluated under intact conditions, followed by analysis after transverse and alar ligaments were destroyed. Damage of the transverse ligament leads to an increase of the AADI\u2019s diameter about 0.65\u2009mm in flexion and damage of alar ligaments results in significant enhancement of 3.59\u2009mm at mean. In extension, the AADI rises 0.60\u2009mm after the transverse ligament was cut and 0.90\u2009mm when the alar ligaments are damaged. After all ligaments are destroyed, AADI assessed in extension closely resembles AADI at neutral position. Ligamentous damage showed an average significant decrease of the PADI of 1.37\u2009mm in the first step and of 3.57\u2009mm in the second step in flexion, while it is reduced about 1.61\u2009mm and 0.41\u2009mm in the extended and similarly in the neutrally positioned spine. Alar and transverse ligaments are both of obvious importance in order to prevent AAS and movement-related spinal cord compression. Functional imaging is necessary at follow-up in order to identify patients having an advanced risk of neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6131703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,18]],"date-time":"2017-10-18T19:32:21Z","timestamp":1508355141000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rheumatoid Arthritis Affecting the Upper Cervical Spine: Biomechanical Assessment of the Stabilizing Ligaments"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-4827","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolin","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2311-4409","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Bredow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Spinal Surgery, Sch\u00f6n Klinik D\u00fcsseldorf, Am Heerdter Krankenhaus 2, 40549 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Heising","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Spitalstrasse 16, 6000 Luzern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peer","family":"Eysel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars Peter","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, HELIOS Klinikum Siegburg, Ringstra\u00dfe 49, 53721 Siegburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112878"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812150-00017"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200003000-00006"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199709000-00002"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199505150-00004"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.28.3.260"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.33.6.526"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199909000-00013"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2003.10.006"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02242949"},{"issue":"5","key":"11","first-page":"831","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000156202.80185.32"},{"issue":"5","key":"13","first-page":"1178","volume":"27","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518402500209"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01451289"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.FOCUS14664"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00004"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-14"},{"key":"19","first-page":"167","volume":"17","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/72.11.770"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.144.4.7111719"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2014.8"},{"issue":"6","key":"23","first-page":"519","volume":"13","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Spine Surgery"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297-319X(02)00361-5"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2397::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000200231.53695.92","volume":"443","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080429"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1258-2"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.05.001"},{"issue":"9","key":"30","first-page":"1364","volume":"19","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299444"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110001-00006"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088970"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-004-0895-6"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rx.2016.01.002"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/6131703.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/6131703.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/6131703.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,18]],"date-time":"2017-10-18T19:32:23Z","timestamp":1508355143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2017\/6131703\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["6131703","6131703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/6131703","relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-6133"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-6141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}