{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:35:46Z","timestamp":1740148546146,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper demonstrates a micropower offset- and temperature-compensated smart pH sensor, intended for use in battery-powered RFID systems that monitor the quality of perishable products. Low operation power is essential in such systems to enable autonomous logging of environmental parameters, such as the pH level, over extended periods of time using only a small, low-cost battery. The pH-sensing element in this work is an ion-sensitive extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET), which is incorporated in a low-power sensor front-end. The front-end outputs a pH-dependent voltage, which is then digitized by means of a co-integrated incremental delta-sigma ADC. To compensate for the offset and temperature cross-sensitivity of the EGFET, a compensation scheme using a calibration process and a temperature sensor has been devised. A prototype chip has been realized in a 0.16\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>m CMOS process. It occupies 0.35 \u00d7 3.9\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of die area and draws only 4\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>A from a 1.8\u2009V supply. Two different types of custom packaging have been used for measurement purposes. The pH sensor achieves a linearity of better than \u00b10.1 for pH values ranging from 4 to 10. The calibration and compensation scheme reduces errors due to temperature cross-sensitivity to less than \u00b10.1 in the temperature range of 6\u00b0C to 25\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6158689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,29]],"date-time":"2017-01-29T16:00:50Z","timestamp":1485705650000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A 7\u2009<i>\u03bc<\/i>W Offset- and Temperature-Compensated pH-to-Digital Converter"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Saleh","family":"Heidary Shalmany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Merz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NXP Semiconductors, Interleuvenlaan 80, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Fekri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMS AG, Coveliersstraat 15, 2600 Antwerpen, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zu-yao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romano J. 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