{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:25:31Z","timestamp":1740147931108,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006520","name":"Edwards Lifesciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical applications that require extraction and interpretation of physiological signals or waveforms are susceptible to corruption by noise or artifacts. Real-time hemodynamic monitoring systems are important for clinicians to assess the hemodynamic stability of surgical or intensive care patients by interpreting hemodynamic parameters generated by an analysis of aortic blood pressure (ABP) waveform measurements. Since hemodynamic parameter estimation algorithms often detect events and features from measured ABP waveforms to generate hemodynamic parameters, noise and artifacts integrated into ABP waveforms can severely distort the interpretation of hemodynamic parameters by hemodynamic algorithms. In this article, we propose the use of the Kalman filter and the 4-element Windkessel model with static parameters, arterial compliance <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, peripheral resistance <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, aortic impedance <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and the inertia of blood <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, to represent aortic circulation for generating accurate estimations of ABP waveforms through noise and artifact reduction. Results show the Kalman filter could very effectively eliminate noise and generate a good estimation from the noisy ABP waveform based on the past state history. The power spectrum of the measured ABP waveform and the synthesized ABP waveform shows two similar harmonic frequencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6975085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T17:13:34Z","timestamp":1495473214000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of the Kalman Filter for Aortic Pressure Waveform Noise Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5843-7684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 W. Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768, USA"},{"name":"Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA 91711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA 91711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Che","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA 91711, USA"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wuxing St, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zekeriya","family":"Aliyazicioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 W. Temple Ave, Pomona, CA 91768, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 W. 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