{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:57:00Z","timestamp":1782943020892,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":325,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJ011578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ011578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently invades mandibular bone, and outcomes for treatment with surgical resection are typically poor, ultimately resulting in death. <jats:italic>Holarrhena antidysenterica<\/jats:italic> L. (Apocynaceae), distributed throughout Sri Lanka and India, has been used as a folk remedy to treat various diseases. Treatment with methanol extract of <jats:italic>H. antidysenterica<\/jats:italic> bark (HABE) inhibited cell viability and BrdU incorporation and induced apoptotic cell death in Ca9\u201022 gingival and HSC\u20103 tongue SCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that HABE treatment preferentially induces apoptotic cell death via increasing the sub\u2010G1 peak in Ca9\u201022 cells and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HSC\u20103 cells. HABE treatment in the presence of zVAD\u2010fmk, a pan\u2010caspase inhibitor, rescued cell viabilities in both OSCC cell lines. The ratio of Bax to Bcl\u20102 increased with reductions in the Bcl\u20102 protein expression, and the activation of caspase 3 and subsequent cleavage of PARP was detected in HABE\u2010treated Ca9\u201022 and HSC\u20103 cells. Furthermore, HABE treatment at noncytotoxic concentrations inhibited osteoclast formation in RANKL\u2010stimulated bone marrow macrophages. Taken together, HABE possesses the inhibitory activity on the growth of OSCC cells and antiosteoclastogenic activity. Therefore, HABE may be a promising alternative and complementary agent for preventing and treating OSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7272947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T23:31:50Z","timestamp":1511393510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Methanol Extract of <i>Holarrhena antidysenterica<\/i> Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells and Osteoclastogenesis of Bone Marrow Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Heein","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Kyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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