{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:48:43Z","timestamp":1789480123564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>is considered an important opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen. Extended spectrum<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-lactamases (ESBLs) and expression of a multitude of virulence factors may work in a harmony resulting in treatment failure. This study was undertaken to compare the virulence characteristics and genetic relatedness between ESBL and non-ESBL producing<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae. Methods<\/jats:italic>. Antibiotic sensitivity test of all isolates was determined by disc diffusion assay. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of ESBL were done. Various virulence factors and some virulence factor-associated genes were screened. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed to investigate the genetic fingerprints of ESBL from non-ESBL producing<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. 50% of isolates were ESBL producers. A significant association was observed between ESBL production and biofilm (strong and moderate), serum resistance, and<jats:italic>iss<\/jats:italic>gene. Moreover, significant association between non-ESBL producers and hypermucoviscosity was identified. Dendogram analysis of RAPD profile classified<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>isolates into four clusters (a, b, c, and d). Seventy-six percent of ESBL producers belonged to cluster a. In conclusion, this study suggests a correlation between ESBL production and some virulence factors. Therefore, success of treatment depends mainly on increased clinicians awareness and enhanced testing by laboratories to reduce the spread of these isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7279830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T17:03:08Z","timestamp":1496941388000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Association between Virulence Factors and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>Compared to Nonproducing Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Mustafa Muhammad","family":"Gharrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-5491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Areej","family":"Mostafa El-Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-3576","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rasha Fathy","family":"Barwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1490","volume":"5","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.500-510.2002"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.01.007"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.03.013"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(08)70041-0"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.07.009"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3030743"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.07.008"},{"key":"11","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"13","first-page":"27","volume":"19","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","first-page":"2294","volume":"10","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Science Journal"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00036-08"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.38863"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.02.009"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00122-6"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.007"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01641.x"},{"key":"22","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Tests for identification of bacteria","year":"1996"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2012.10.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"24","first-page":"9","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. 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